Description: In Singapore, public transport fares were regulated by the Public Transport Council (PTC). In 2005, a new fare review mechanism, which provided for greater clarity and was more responsive to prevailing economic conditions, was adopted and successfully implemented in 2005 and 2006. The new mechanism allowed the PTC to adjust fares depending on economic dynamics, and wasdesigned to strike a fare deal that balanced the need to safeguard commuters’ interests and...

Description: The bus system is the backbone of public transport in Singapore, an island city-state of 700 square-km in area and 4.2 million in population, 84% of whom live in high-rise residential blocks in new towns dotted around the island. There are 8

Description: This paper provides a practitioner’s perspective of how Singapore established a fare regulation framework. It examines the formulation of the fare cap model and associated measures to allow for exceptional intervention, when necessary, to add